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debian Linux´óÈ« |
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1.°²×°»ù±¾ÏµÍ³
£¨1£©Òýµ¼³öÏÖ boot£º ʱºò¼üÈë linux26 £¬»Ø³µ£¬ÔòʹÓÃ2.6Äںˣ¬·ñÔòʹÓÃ2.4Äںˡ£
£¨2£©ÅäÖûù±¾ÏµÍ³ base-config £º
×°ºÃ»ù±¾ÏµÍ³ÖØÆôºó£¬»á×Ô¼ºÔËÐÐ base-config
1£©Ñ¡GMTʱ¼ä£¿ ·ñ£¨GMTʱ¼ä½öÓÃÓÚ×°µ¥ÏµÍ³Ê±£©
2£©¼ûdhcpÒ³Ãæʱ£¬Ñ¡¡°²»ÅäÖÃÍøÂ硱
3£©¼ûÉèÖÃPPPÒ³£¨56KµÄµç»°Ïß²¦ºÅ£©Ã棬ѡÔñ¡°·ñ¡±¡£Í˳ö¡°aptÅäÖá±Ò³Ã棬ѡÔñ¡°Ö´ÐÐÒ»¸öshell¡±
4£©ÅäÖÃPPPoe£¨Óò¦ºÅµÄADSLÐèÒªÈç´Ë£¬µÚ3²½µÄÄ¿µÄΪ´Ë£©£¬ÊäÈ룺
# pppoeconf
£¨°´ÌáʾÍê³É£©
µÚÒ»²½£¬³öÏÖ USE PEER DNSÒ³Ã棬°´ËüµÄÍƼö£¬Ñ¡Ôñ¡°ÊÇ¡±
µÚ¶þ²½£¬Pppoe clamp mess at 1452 bytes? still problem, set 1412. Ñ¡Ôñ¡°ÊÇ¡±
µÚÈý²½£¬Now£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁî½øÐÐÁ¬½Ó£º# pondsl-provider
Terminate: # poff
µÚËIJ½£¬ÊäÈëexitÍ˳öshell£¬±Ü¹ý¡°Ñ¡ÔñDebianÈí¼þ¡±Ò³Ã棬½øÈë¡°aptÅäÖá±Ò³Ãæ
5£©Ñ¡Ôñ apt Դʱ£¬aptÔ´×îºÃÓÃhttp·½Ê½£¬ÎÒÑ¡ÁËcn99 ¡£ÒòΪcn99ÓÐpackage£¬Ò²ÓÐsource¡£²»Ôö¼ÓaptÔ´£¬ÆôÓÃsecurity.debian.org×ö°²È«¸üС£
6£©£¨ÈôÎóÈë¸ÃÒ³Ã棬ÈçÏÂÖ´ÐУ©¡°Ñ¡ÔñDebianÈí¼þ¡±Ê±£¬²»Ñ¡ÈκÎÀàÐÍ£¬Ö±½Ó¡°È·¶¨¡±£¨ÈôÑ¡ÆäÖÐijÏ½«ÏÂÔغܶ಻±ØÒªµÄÈí¼þ°ü£©¡£ÕâÀïÓÐÒ»¸öÏÂÔØ°²×°¹ý³Ì£¨70¶àMB£©¡£
7£©ÓïϵÏà¹Ø²ÎÊýÖ®ºóÉ趨
8£©É趨MTA£¬²»Òª½«µµ°¸·ÖÉ¢¡£
2.ʹ¿ØÖÆ̨ÄÜÏÔʾÖÐÎÄ
#apt-get install zhcon
#zhcon
3.ÅäÖÃlocales
#dpkg-reconfigure locales
Ñ¡Ôñzh_CN.UTF8 £¬zh_CN.GB2312µÈ±àÂë
4.°²×°x
££apt-get install x-window-system-core£¬xscreensaver
1£©font management to defoma? ÊÇ
2£©Autodetect vediodevice£¿ÊÇ
£¨¼ì²â²»µ½ÎÒµÄÏÔ¿¨£¬¼ÒÀïÑ¡ATI£¬°ì¹«ÊÒÑ¡SIS¡£Èç¹ûÁбíÀïûÓжÔÓ¦µÄÆ·ÅÆ£¬¾ÍÑ¡vesa£©
3£©£¨°ì¹«ÊÒÏÔ¿¨£©please enter the video card¡±s bus identifier. °´Ä¬ÈÏ£¬¿Õ
4£©Select the XBK rule set to use: Ô¤ÉèµÄxfree86
5£©Mouse autodetection? ÊÇ
ÒòΪÎÒµÄÊÇUSBÊó±ê£¬Ñ¡/dev/input/mice
6£©LCD devide£¿ÊÇ
7) LCD monitor characteristics Ñ¡medium
(Èô²»ÖªÏÔʾÆ÷µÄˮƽºÍ´¹Ö±Ë¢ÐÂÂÊ£¬²»ÒªÑ¡advanced)
8£©X-server best video mode: 1024*768@75Hz
£¨×¢ÒâÑ¡£¬ºóÀ´¸Ä/etc/X11/XF86Config-4Âé·³£©
9£©the video you would like X server use£¿ 1024*768
10) Color depth in bits -24
11£©cdrecord--------SUID----? ·ñ
dpkg-reconfigure cdrecord
12£©Use kernel framebuffer device interface? ÊÇ
£¨ÊÇ£safe bet£¬ÈôÓÐÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÓɹرգ©
13£©Keyboard mode? Ô¤ÉèµÄpc104
14£©Keyboard layout£¿ US
5.°²×°gnome
#apt-get install gnome-core
Èç¹ûÊÇapt-get install gnome£¬Ôò»áԤװgimp,totem,mozilla£¬abiµÈÈí¼þ
Ò²ÓÐһЩÇáÁ¿¼¶µÄ×ÀÃ棬È磺XFCE£¬fvwmµÈ
¡¾gcc C±àÒëÆ÷ £¨×°gnome-coreÒÑ×°£©
g++ C++±àÒëÆ÷ £¨×°gnome-coreÒÑ×°£©
synaptic Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíÆ÷
gnome£system£tools ϵͳ¹¤¾ß
gnome£system£monitor ϵͳ¼àÊÓÆ÷
gnome£nettool ÍøÂ繤¾ß
esound (°ì¹«ÊÒ×°) esoundÉùÒôÇý¶¯
esound£clients (°ì¹«ÊÒ×°) esoundÉùÒôÇý¶¯
gdm gnomeͼÐεǽ¹ÜÀí
udev UÅÌ
sysvconfig ϵͳ·þÎñ¹ÜÀí£¬ÃüÁsysvconfig
gnome-utils °üÀ¨gfloppy£¬gnome-system-logµÄ¹¤¾ß
gnome-volume-manager ¿ÉÒƶ¯Çý¶¯Æ÷ºÍ½éÖÊ
x-ttcidfont-conf £¨Ñ¡xtt£© XϵͳµÄ×ÖÌåÅäÖóÌÐòtruetype¡¢CID×ÖÌå
gnome-audio gnomeʼþÒôЧÎļþ°ü
gnome-themes gnomeÖ÷Ìâ
vino Ô¶³Ì×ÀÃæ¡¿
6.°²×°ÊäÈë·¨£¬ÖÐÎÄ×ÖÌå
# apt-get -y install fcitx
È»ºóн¨Îļþ /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95im-launch
ÔÚÀïÃæдÈë
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
fcitx
²»ÓÃÐÞ¸ÄÆäËûÈκÎÎļþµÄ
½øÈë X »á×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯ fcitx
fcitx×Ô´øÁËÒ»¸öÖÐÎÄ×ÖÌ壬Èç¹û²»ÂúÒ⣬¿ÉÒÔÏÂÔرðµÄÖÐÎÄ×ÖÌå
×°SCIMÖÐÎÄÊäÈë·¨£¨Óëfcitx¶þÑ¡Ò»£©
1£©°´Ë³Ðò×°Èý¸ö°ü
# apt-get install scim scim-chinese scim-tables-zh scim-gtk2-immodule
2£©vi /etc/X11/gdm/Xsession
£¨Èç¹û²»×°gdm£¬ÒªÐÞ¸Ä/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc£¬¼ÓÈëÒÔÏÂÕâ¾ä£©
¼ÓÒÔÏÂÐе½µÚÒ»ÐÐÒÔÉÏ£¬×îºóÒ»ÐÐ×¢ÊÍÒÔÏÂ
export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM (×¢Òâ´óСд)
export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim (ʹscimÄÜÔÚlumaQQÀïʹÓÃ)
3£©startx½ø×ÀÃ棬°´ÒÔϲ½Ö裺
×ÀÃæÊ×Ñ¡Ïî->¸ß¼¶->»Ø»°->Æô¶¯³ÌÐò->Ìí¼Ó->scim£¨Ð¡Ð´£©
7.°²×°±ØÐèµÄÈí¼þ£¬È磺
£¨1£©ä¯ÀÀÆ÷£ºmozilla-firefox£»opera
£¨2£©²¥·ÅÆ÷£ºbeep-media-player£»totem-xine
£¨3£©¿´pdf£ºxpdf
£¨4£©ÏµÍ³·þÎñ¿ØÖÆ£ºrcconf¡ª¡ª¿ØÖÆϵͳÆô¶¯·þÎñµÄÒ»¸öСÈí¼þ
£¨5£©Èç¹ûÉù¿¨²»ÄÜÓã¬ÐèÒª°²×°alsaÉù¿¨Çý¶¯
£¨6£©½âÂ룺
ÏÂÔØw32codecs
È·±£ /etc/apt/sources.list ÀïÓÐ
deb http://debian.okey.net/debian-uo/ sid java marillat rareware misc
ÕâÒ»ÐÐ
# apt-get install w32codecs
£¨7£©ÎÄ×Ö´¦ÀíÈí¼þ£ºabiword ,openoffice
8.±à¼Îı¾
(1)DebianÀïµÄnanoÊǸöºÜºÃÓõÄLinux±à¼Æ÷
²Ù×÷£º$nano /etc/bash.bashrc»Ø³µ.
°´CTRL+O»Ø³µ±£´æ£¬°´CTRL+XÍ˳ö
(2)vi
(3)¿ÉÒÔÉý¼¶viµ½vim£¬#apt-get install vim
¶þ£®debianÈí¼þµÄ°²×°
1.apt-getÏÂÔصÄÎļþÔÚ£º
/var/cache/apt/archives/
2.apt-getÓ÷¨
(1)°²×°Èí¼þ
apt-get install <package>
ÏÂÔØ <package> ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÒÐÀµµÄ°ü¹ü,ͬʱ½øÐаü¹üµÄ°²×°»òÉý¼¶.Èç¹ûij¸ö°ü¹ü±»ÉèÖÃÁË hold (Í£Ö¹±êÖ¾,¾Í»á±»¸éÔÚÒ»±ß(¼´²»»á±»Éý¼¶).
Èç¹ûÈí¼þ°üÖÐÓиö±ðÎļþûÓÐÏÂÔØÏÂÀ´£¬ÇëÓãº
#apt-get install package --fix-missing
(2)ɾ³ýÈí¼þ
#apt-get remove [--purge] <package>
ÒƳý <package> ÒÔ¼°ÈκÎÒÐÀµÕâ¸ö°ü¹üµÄÆäËü°ü¹ü.
--purge Ö¸Ã÷Õâ¸ö°ü¹üÓ¦¸Ã±»ÍêÈ«Çå³ý (purged) ,¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë¿´ dpkg -P .
(3)apt-get update
Éý¼¶À´×Ô Debian ¾µÏñµÄ°ü¹üÁбí,Èç¹ûÄãÏë°²×°µ±ÌìµÄÈκÎÈí¼þ,ÖÁÉÙÿÌìÔËÐÐÒ»´Î,¶øÇÒÿ´ÎÐÞ¸ÄÁË
/etc/apt/sources.list ºó,±ØÐëÖ´ÐÐ.
(4)Éý¼¶ÒÑ°²×°Èí¼þ
apt-get upgrade [-u]
Éý¼¶ËùÒÔÒѾ°²×°µÄ°ü¹üΪ×îпÉÓð汾.²»»á°²×°ÐµĻòÒƳýÀϵİü¹ü.Èç¹ûÒ»¸ö°ü¸Ä±äÁËÒÐÀµ¹Øϵ¶øÐèÒª°²×°Ò»¸öеİü¹ü,ÄÇôËü½«²»»á±»Éý¼¶,¶øÊDZê־Ϊhold .apt-get update ²»»áÉý¼¶±»±ê־Ϊ hold µÄ°ü¹ü (Õâ¸öÒ²¾ÍÊÇ hold µÄÒâ˼).Çë¿´ÏÂÎÄÈçºÎÊÖ¶¯ÉèÖðü¹üΪ hold .ÎÒ½¨ÒéͬʱʹÓà '-u' Ñ¡Ïî,ÒòΪÕâÑùÄã¾ÍÄÜ¿´µ½ÄÄЩ°ü¹ü½«»á±»Éý¼¶.
(5)ËÑË÷Èí¼þ
apt-cache search <pattern>
ËÑË÷Âú×ã <pattern> µÄ°ü¹üºÍÃèÊö.
apt-cache show <package>
ÏÔʾ <package> µÄÍêÕûµÄÃèÊö.
3£®ÆÕͨ Dpkg Ó÷¨
£¨1£©°²×°°ü¹ü
dpkg -i <package.deb>
Áгö <package.deb> µÄÄÚÈÝ.
dpkg -c <package.deb>
´Ó <package.deb> ÖÐÌáÈ¡°ü¹üÐÅÏ¢.
dpkg -I <package.deb>
£¨2£©ÒƳý°ü¹ü
dpkg -r <package>
ÒƳýÒ»¸öÒÑ°²×°µÄ°ü¹ü.
dpkg -P <package>
ÍêÈ«Çå³ýÒ»¸öÒÑ°²×°µÄ°ü¹ü.ºÍ remove ²»Í¬µÄÊÇ, remove Ö»ÊÇɾµôÊý¾ÝºÍ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ, purge ÁíÍ⻹ɾ³ýËùÓеÄÅäÖÆÎļþ.
dpkg -L <package>
Áгö <package> °²×°µÄËùÓÐÎļþÇåµ¥.ͬʱÇë¿´ dpkg -c À´¼ì²éÒ»¸ö .deb ÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝ.
dpkg -s <package>
ÏÔʾÒÑ°²×°°ü¹üµÄÐÅÏ¢.ͬʱÇë¿´ apt-cache ÏÔʾ Debian ´æµµÖеİü¹üÐÅÏ¢,ÒÔ¼° dpkg -I À´ÏÔʾ´ÓÒ»¸ö
.deb ÎļþÖÐÌáÈ¡µÄ°ü¹üÐÅÏ¢.
dpkg-reconfigure <package>
ÖØÐÂÅäÖÆÒ»¸öÒѾ°²×°µÄ°ü¹ü,ÈçÖØÐÂÉ趨ϵͳ×Ö·û¼¯£º
££dpkg-reconfigure locales
# apt-get install x-window-system-core gnome-core xscreensaver
Èý£®
1¡¢ÏµÍ³Ñ¡×°×é¼þ
×é¼þ ÃèÊö
acpi acpiµçÔ´¹ÜÀíÈí¼þ°ü
acpi-support acpiµçÔ´¹ÜÀíÈí¼þ°ü
acpid acpiµçÔ´¹ÜÀíÈí¼þ°ü
file-roller ¹éµµ¹ÜÀíÆ÷(ÏÈ×°unzip,unrarµÈ)
gconf-editor ÅäÖñà¼Æ÷
Smbclient £¨ÏȲ»Òª×°£© ²é¿´windows(smb)ÍøÂçËùÐèÒªÎļþ
cupsys ´òÓ¡·þÎñÖ§³Ö
cupsys-bsd ´òÓ¡·þÎñÖ§³Ö
cupsys-client ´òÓ¡·þÎñÖ§³Ö
cupsys-driver-gimpprint gimp´òÓ¡·þÎñÖ§³Ö(×îºÃÏÈ×°gimpÔÙ×°)
cupsys-driver-gimpprint-data gimp´òÓ¡·þÎñÖ§³Ö(×îºÃÏÈ×°gimpÔÙ×°)
gucharmap ×Ö·ûÓ³Éä±í
2¡¢³£ÓÃÈí¼þ
gaim ¶àÐÒéÁÄÌ칤¾ß
gthumb ¿´Í¼Èí¼þ£¨ÀàËÆacdsee£©
Totem£xine »ùÓÚxineµÄ¶àýÌå²¥·ÅÆ÷
Qalculate Ò»¸ö¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´óµÄ¼ÆËãÆ÷£¬¾¹È»¿ÉÒÔ½â¾ö¶þÔª·½³Ì¡¢»ý·Ö¡¢µ÷ÓÃgnu,plot»æͼµÈ
3¡¢mount
£¨1£©mount fat·ÖÇø£º
mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/win -o codepage=936
///ÏÔʾÖÐÎÄ×Ö·û£º
mount -o utf8,umask=0 /dev/hda6 /mnt/cipan
£¨2£©ntfs·ÖÇø
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/win -o iocharset=cp936
»òmount /dev/hda2 /mnt/win
µ«ÊÇÆÕͨÓû§ÎÞ·¨¶ÁÈ¡ÆäÖÐÄÚÈÝ£¬Ö»ÓÐrootÄÜ¡£ÈÃÆÕͨÓû§Ò²ÄܶÁÈ¡ÆäÖÐÊý¾Ý£¬ÇëÓãº
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/win -o iocharset=cp936,umask=0
///¹ÒÔØntfsÏÔʾÖÐÎÄ×Ö·û£º
mount -t ntfs -o utf8,umask=0 /dev/hda2 /mnt/linux
4¡¢½øÈë×ÀÃæºóÖØÐÂÉèÖÃADSL
1£©½«ÒÔÏÂÎÄ×Ö¼ÓÈë/etc/network/interfaces£¬¼¤»îÍø¿¨
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.2.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
2£©°Ñ/etc/ppp/ppp_on_bootɾµô
3£©ÉèÖÃ×Ô¶¯²¦ºÅ£¬·ñÔòÿ´ÎÊÖ¶¯ÊäÈë
×ÀÃæÑ¡Ïî£>¸ß¼¶£>»á»°£>Æô¶¯³ÌÐò£>Ìí¼Ó£>pon dsl-provider
5¡¢openoffice.orgµÄ°²×°£¨ÓÃsynaptic£©
openoffice.org-110n-zh_CN £¨ÏÈÑ¡ÕâÏ
openoffice.org
openoffice.org-bin
openoffice.org-debian-files
openoffice.org-help- zh_CN
6¡¢Éù¿¨µÄ°²×°£¨³Â¼£¬ËƺõÓÐÎÊÌ⣩
apt-get install alsa-base alsa-utils »¹ÓÐÒ»¸öapmd
Ö±½Óalsaconf ¾Í³ÉÁË.
DebianÏÂalsaÇý¶¯°²×°Ïê½â(µ«³¬¼òµ¥)
»ùÓÚ2.6ÄÚºË(ÊʺϴÓÔÀ´ÎÞÉù»òÕßossµÈÒ»Çл·¾³ÏòalsaµÄ×°»»)
Ê×ÏÈ°²×°Ïà¹ØÈí¼þ
apt-get install alsa-utils alsa-base
ÔÙ°²×°(µ±È»Ó¦¸ÃÓбàÒë»·¾³)
apt-get install alsa-source #ÕⲽǧÍò²»ÄÜÊ¡ÂԹؼü
Ôڴ˵±dpkg configuresÖУ¬Ñ¡ÔñÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÉù¿¨ÀàÐÍ
ÒÔrootÔËÐÐ
/usr/share/alsa-base/snddevices
È»ºóÔËÐÐ
alsaconf
²¢Ñ¡ÔñÄãµÄÉù¿¨Ä£¿é
ÕâÑùÒÔºóÄãµÄalsamixer£¬alsactl¶¼ÔËÐÐÕý³£ÁË¡£
½¨Òé°²×°gnome-alsamixer£¬Ò»¸ö²»´íµÄµ÷ÒôÆ÷¡£
Èç¹ûdaemonÖÐÓÐÀàËÆesd£¬artsµÄdaemonÇë×ÔÐйرա£
µ±È»£¬»¹ÐèÒªgnomeϵÄgstreamerÖ§³Öalsa£¬ÏÂÔØÕâ¸ö²å¼þÈí¼þ°ügstreamer0.8-alsa£º
apt-get install gstreamer0.8-alsa
È»ºó£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚgstreamer-properties³ÌÐòÀï±ßÑ¡ÔñALSA½øÐз¢Éù²âÊÔ
7£®FstabÎļþ
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hda9 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/hda1 /media/hda1 vfat defaults,utf8,umask=000 0 0
/dev/hda2 /media/hda2 ntfs defaults,utf8,umask=000 0 0
/dev/hda5 /media/hda5 vfat defaults,utf8,umask=000 0 0
/dev/hda6 /media/hda6 vfat defaults,utf8,umask=000 0 0
/dev/hda7 /media/hda7 ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/hda8 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
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